Cost modelling for cloud computing utilisation in long term digital preservation

The rapid increase in volume of digital information can cause concern among organisations regarding manageability, costs and security of their information in the long-term. As cloud computing technology is often used for digital preservation purposes and is still evolving, there is difficulty in determining its long-term costs. This paper presents the development of a generic cost model for public and private clouds utilisation in long term digital preservation (LTDP), considering the impact of uncertainties and obsolescence issues. The cost model consists of rules and assumptions and was built using a combination of activity based and parametric cost estimation techniques. After generation of cost breakdown structures for both clouds, uncertainties and obsolescence were categorised. To quantify impacts of uncertainties on cost, three-point estimate technique was employed and Monte Carlo simulation was applied to generate the probability distribution on each cost driver. A decision support cost estimation tool with dashboard representation of results was developed

Asırı Sulamanın Toplumsal-Ekinsel Nedenlerinin Çözümlenmesi - Harran Ovası Örneği-

The construction of Ataturk Dam, and the establishment of the irrigation facilities were created wrong irrigation, economic and environmental problems in addition to a heavy cost to the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural connection of producer’ over-irrigation on Harran Plain and may help to develop a research outline for similar studies. Theoretical study is based on the "Situational Functional Approach". Research under the Harran Plain a questionnaire were made with the 163 subjects constist of 86 producers in eight villages, 12 irrigation union presidents and general secretaries, 5 agricultural chamber presidents and agricultural engineers working in these officers, 26 pesticide dealers, 34 extentionst at provincial and district directorates of agriculture

Asırı Sulamanın Toplumsal-Ekinsel Nedenlerinin Çözümlenmesi - Harran Ovası Örneği-

The construction of Ataturk Dam, and the establishment of the irrigation facilities were created wrong irrigation, economic and environmental problems in addition to a heavy cost to the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural connection of producer’ over-irrigation on Harran Plain and may help to develop a research outline for similar studies. Theoretical study is based on the "Situational Functional Approach". Research under the Harran Plain a questionnaire were made with the 163 subjects constist of 86 producers in eight villages, 12 irrigation union presidents and general secretaries, 5 agricultural chamber presidents and agricultural engineers working in these officers, 26 pesticide dealers, 34 extentionst at provincial and district directorates of agriculture

Analyzing Socio-Cultural Causes of Excessive Irrigation in Tribal Societies and Extension Needs: A Case Study of Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa

Besides, natural and technical factors effecting excessive irrigation, training activities of some governmental offices also have some influences on excessive irrigation tendencies of farmers, but they do not have a distinctive role. The main hypothesis of this research is that, in Harran Plain more than natural factors and extension activities and training, socio-cultural system affects irrigation behaviour of farmers. In other words, the main cause of excessive irrigation is socio cultural system. The main aim of this study is to analyze tribal system, to explain the excessive irriga-tion tendencies of farmers, and to develop and discuss a model which will help further studies. In this survey, 86 farmers, heads and secretaries of 12 irrigation unions, directors and agriculturalists working for 5 chamber of farmers, 26 agricultural chemical deal-ers, and 34 agricultural extension workers working at government agricultural prov-ince and county offices, in total 163 people, have been interviewed. In the survey the situation-specific approach has been used as the theoretical basis

Analyzing Socio-Cultural Causes of Excessive Irrigation in Tribal Societies and Extension Needs: A Case Study of Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa

Besides, natural and technical factors effecting excessive irrigation, training activities of some governmental offices also have some influences on excessive irrigation tendencies of farmers, but they do not have a distinctive role. The main hypothesis of this research is that, in Harran Plain more than natural factors and extension activities and training, socio-cultural system affects irrigation behaviour of farmers. In other words, the main cause of excessive irrigation is socio cultural system. The main aim of this study is to analyze tribal system, to explain the excessive irriga-tion tendencies of farmers, and to develop and discuss a model which will help further studies. In this survey, 86 farmers, heads and secretaries of 12 irrigation unions, directors and agriculturalists working for 5 chamber of farmers, 26 agricultural chemical deal-ers, and 34 agricultural extension workers working at government agricultural prov-ince and county offices, in total 163 people, have been interviewed. In the survey the situation-specific approach has been used as the theoretical basis

The Work Preference Inventory: Motivation Factors of Banking Sector Employees

The purpose of this study is to determine the main elements which motivate the employees of the Turkish banking sector and the differences between these motivations in terms of demographic and structural factors of the sector. The measurement tool of motivational factors we used is a four-dimensional scale called the "Work Preference Inventory" (Amabile, Hill, Hennessey and Tighe 1994) which has been cited 2146 times since 1994. As there is not a Turkish version of the Work Preference Inventory, the purpose of this study is also to translate the scale in Turkish and execute reliabilty and validity analysis. Analysis showed that the motivation of banking sector employees in Turkey has a five-dimensional structure. These dimensions are 'Meaningful job and self-efficacy', 'Desire for unstructured works', 'Success at structured works', 'Awareness of success target', 'The search for specificity and consideration of others' opinion'. 'Meaningful job and self-efficacy' is identified as the factor which most affects the motivation of banking sector employees. 'Awareness of success target', 'Desire for unstructured works' and 'The search for specificity and consideration of others' opinion' are evaluated as additional motivating factors consecutively. 'Success at structured works' is determined as the least motivating factor. The differences in employee motivation, in terms of experience, department, gender, age, education level and position are also examined. According to the analysis, there are significant differences across the motivational dimensions in terms of age and business demepartments, positions, education level. However, there are no differences across motivational dimensions in terms of the positions and genders of banking employees

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein-3 generation test in short stature

Background: Differentiation between growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) based on GH tests and basal IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels may be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pharmacological GH tests, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 generation test and height velocity off-treatment in the evaluation of GHD and ISS

High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy: From Physiology to Clinic

WOS: 000409974000002High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy has several physiological advantages over traditional oxygen therapy devices, including decreased nasopharyngeal resistance, washing out of the nasopharyngeal dead space, generation of positive pressure in the pharynx, increasing alveolar recruitment in the lungs, humidification of the airways, increased fraction of inspired oxygen and improved mucociliary clearance. Recently, the use of HFNO in treating adult critical illness patients has significantly increased, and it is now being used in many patients with a range of different disease conditions. However, there are no established guidelines to direct the safe and effective use of HFNO for critical patients. This review summarizes the positive physiological effects, mechanisms of action, and the clinical applications of HFNO with available published literatures

Longer anogenital distance in female fetus of diabetic and obese pregnant women

Objective: Previous studies revealed that prenatal exposure to androgen excess such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with offspring's anogenital distance (AGD) length, and AGD is a biomarker of intrauterine androgen exposure. This study aims to investigate a possible relationship of fetal AGD with maternal diabetes and obesity, and to evaluate whether AGD predicts the fetal androgen exposure related to diabetes and obesity in female fetus. This study is the first to focus on the relationship between offspring's AGD and maternal diabetes and obesity. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study investigating 218 pregnant women (125 in control group and 93 in study group). Fetal AGD was measured from the center of anus to the posterior convergence of the fourchette by ultrasound. Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to assess the association of the fetal AGD length with maternal diabetes and obesity. Results: The control patients had significantly shorter fetal AGD (mean:10.7 mm, P < 0.001) compared to diabetic, obese and diabetic obese patients (mean: 12.6 mm, 12.8 mm and 12.9 mm, respectively). The results of regression analysis showed that both maternal diabetes and obesity were significantly correlated with longer AGD in female fetus. The results confirmed also that offspring's AGD measurement in utero by ultrasound is feasible and reliable. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that both maternal diabetes and obesity are associated with intrauterine androgenic milieu during pregnancy, and fetal AGD may be used as a biomarker to predict this effect. This may provide important advantages in terms of early detection of reproductive system abnormalities related to prenatal androgen exposure